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1302 visites 29 déc. 2012 | 7 réactions | K... + Partager
Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn’t want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn’t want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.
If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this ; how could anyone prevent it ? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society ; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.
Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me ; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself ; I must always reveal myself.
Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired ; this is the essence of privacy.
Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one’s identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.
We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor’s younger, stronger cousin ; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.
We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.
We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.
Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can’t get privacy unless we all do, we’re going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don’t much care if you don’t approve of the software we write. We know that software can’t be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can’t be shut down.
Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation’s border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.
For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one’s fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.
The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.
Onward.
Eric Hughes <[email protected]>
9 March 1993
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GoogTrad :
30 Novembre 2012
Review : cypherpunks : la liberté et l’avenir de l’Internet
Cypherpunks1 : la liberté et l’avenir de l’Internet, par Julian Assange avec Jacob Appelbaum, Andy Müller-Maguhn et Jérémie Zimmermann. OR Books, New York, 2012, 186 pages, papier. Acheter en ligne
C’est un livre très instructif, peut-être le meilleur publié sur le fond de WikiLeaks, sa technologie, la philosophie, l’origine et le but, enracinée dans la résistance à l’autorité cypherpunks grâce au chiffrement et la technologie anonymat. Le tranchant et saillant, une large discussion entre Assange, Appelbaum, Müller-Maguhn et Zimmermann, est dérivé d’une série de quatre RT avec le matériel éditorial supplémentaire et un prologue résumant par Assange, « A Call to Arms cryptographiques. »
Il s’agit d’une excellente introduction à la lutte pour le contrôle des communications numériques, l’économie et la gouvernance. Un candidat de choix pour l’inclusion de listes de lecture des ennemis des institutions autoritaires, les sociétés et les gouvernements lourdement investi dans l’Internet et visant à le contrôler en une collusion secrète à leurs fins - à la charge du public mondial, la perte de la vie privée et de la démocratie réduite. Il prétend être « avertissement veilleur de nuit » un contre la menace posée par l’Internet et la téléphonie cellulaire.
Le panneau affirme :
1. L’Internet est une menace pour la civilisation humaine en raison de ses activités de surveillance panoptique et le profilage des utilisateurs.
2. « Surveillance stratégique » rassemble toutes les données en ligne et téléphone portable qu’il faut distinguer de la surveillance tactique est spécifiquement destiné.
3. Internet et les téléphones portables permettent une surveillance plus efficace et omniprésente que dans le monde physique.
4. Les individus peuvent être surveillées plus facilement si elles restent fascinés par les ordinateurs, les téléphones cellulaires et les médias sociaux.
5. Le chiffrement empêche l’accès à des secrets privés par la surveillance en ligne officielle et commerciale et par les téléphones portables.
6. Les manifestants, au printemps arabe descendus dans les rues où les systèmes de téléphones portables et en ligne ont été désactivés et ainsi échappé à la surveillance numérique.
7. Ordinateurs à usage général d’éviter les contrôles intégrés des ordinateurs et des dispositifs ad hoc.
8. Le logiciel libre permet d’éviter le contrôle du logiciel gouvernementale et commerciale restrictive.
9. Cryptage gratuit et technologies anonymat peut protéger contre l’agression autoritaire intégré dans les appareils et les systèmes d’exploitation des ordinateurs, des téléphones cellulaires, des réseaux, des fournisseurs de services Internet, les institutions financières et les gouvernements.
10. Les jeunes générations auront besoin d’inventer et de diffuser des idées, des critiques, de code et de la technologie contre les contrôles hérités des générations plus âgées endoctrinés dans l’acceptation docile du pouvoir.
11. Divers concepts hétérogènes, et la technologie seront nécessaires pour s’opposer à la centralisation, les intentions d’homogénéisation du gouvernement et du commerce dominé par Internet et les téléphones cellulaires.
Evgeny Morozov et d’autres réseaux peuvent négativistes grimace à la foi aveugle dans la technologie de cryptage et d’anonymisation pour sauver l’Internet pour tous les utilisateurs de ses trop crédules. Certains cypherpunks sont consternés par ce que WikiLeaks Julian Assange et sont devenus par la publicité excessive et la promotion par les partisans et opponents.2 Le livre peut être considéré comme un recueil de ne pas faire à propos de la sécurité des communications, la vie privée, le secret et l’autoritarisme - pour cela il est être étudié avec soin.
Pour moi, la plus grande vertu de ce livre est la description de ce qui vient après les leçons tirées de cypherpunks et WikiLeaks - de la diversité des initiatives personne ne sait encore à propos de raison de refus délibéré de se lisser les plumes, paralysant publicity.3
Lire entre les lignes du livre, il ya des moyens et des méthodes non divulgués à l’intérieur de leur céder à la panique et le décryptage surveilling autoritaires et leurs adversaires en attaquant chaque other.4
Admirez la critique de l’ouvrage de ceux qui sont obsédés être à la pointe de protéger le public, les régimes autoritaires secrètes dans la recherche du pouvoir, la monétisation de mèche.
Première leçon : Protégez-vous en gardant la cellule calme, hors ligne et sans, en évitant les avant-gardes.
Ces commentaires vont changer, provoqué par ce livre.
Note 1 : Wikipedia sur cypherpunks
Note 2 : Cette machine tue des Secrets, par Andy Greenberg.
Note 3 : Archives de la liste de diffusion cypherpunk 1992-1998 (zippé, 83 Mo).
Note 4 : Julian Assange écrit sur la liste de diffusion cypherpunks 1995-2002.
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30 November 2012
Review : Cypherpunks : Freedom and the Future of the Internet
Cypherpunks1 : Freedom and the Future of the Internet, by Julian Assange with Jacob Appelbaum, Andy Müller-Maguhn and Jérémie Zimmermann. OR Books, New York, 2012, 186 pages, Paper. Buy online
This is a highly informative book, perhaps the best published on the substance of WikiLeaks, its technology, philosophy, origin and purpose, rooted in the Cypherpunks resistance to authority through encryption and anonymizing technology. The trenchant and salient, wide-ranging discussion among Assange, Appelbaum, Müller-Maguhn and Zimmermann, is derived from a four-part RT series with additional editorial material and a summarizing prologue by Assange, « A Call to Cryptographic Arms. »
It is an excellent introduction to the struggle for control of digital communications, economics and governance. A prime candidate for inclusion of reading lists of the enemies of authoritarian institutions, corporations and governments heavily invested in the Internet and aiming to control it by secret collusion for their purposes — at the global public’s expense, loss of privacy and reduced democracy. It claims to be a « watchman’s warning » against the threat posed by the Internet and cellphone technology.
The panel asserts :
1. The internet is a threat to human civilization because of its panoptic surveillance and profiling of users.
2. « Strategic surveillance » gathers all online and cellphone data as distinguished from tactical surveillance with is specifically targeted.
3. Internet and cellphones allow surveillance more efficiently and pervasively than in the physical world.
4. Individuals can be surveilled more easily if they remain mesmerized by computers, cellphones and social media.
5. Encryption prevents access to private secrets by official and commercial online surveillance and by cellphones.
6. Protestors in Arab Spring went to the streets when cellphone and online systems were disabled and thereby escaped digital surveillance.
7. General purpose computers avoid the built-in controls of special purpose computers and devices.
8. Free software avoids the control of restrictive governmental and commercial software.
9. Free encryption and anonymizing technologies can protect against authoritarian aggression embedded in the equipment and operating systems of computers, cellphones, networks, internet service providers, financial institutions and governments.
10. Younger generations will need to invent and distribute ideas, critiques, code and technology against the legacy controls of older generations indoctrinated in submissive acceptance of authority.
11. Diverse, heterogenic concepts and technology will be required to oppose centralizing, homogenizing intents of the government- and commerce-dominated Internet and cellphones.
Evgeny Morozov and other net-negativists may scowl at the blind faith in encryption and anonymizing technology to save the Internet for its all too gullible users. Some cypherpunks are appalled at what WikiLeaks and Assange have become through excessive publicity and promotion by supporters and opponents.2 The book could be seen as a compendium of what not to do about communications security, privacy, secrecy and authoritarianism — for that it is to be studied carefully.
For me, the greatest virtue of this book is its description of what comes after the lessons learned of Cypherpunks and WikiLeaks — from the diverse initiatives nobody yet knows about due to deliberate avoidance of preening, crippling publicity.3
Read between the book’s lines, there are undisclosed means and methods inside them to panic decrypting and surveilling authoritarians and their opponents into attacking each other.4
Admire the book’s critique of those obsessed with being in the vanguard of protecting the public, covert authoritarians in power-seeking, monetizing cahoots.
Lesson one : Protect yourself by keeping quiet, offline and sans cell, avoiding vanguards.
These comments will change, provoked by this book.
Note 1 : Wikipedia on Cypherpunks
Note 2 : This Machine Kills Secrets, by Andy Greenberg.
Note 3 : Archive of Cypherpunk mail list 1992-1998 (Zipped, 83MB).
Note 4 : Julian Assange writes on the Cypherpunks mail list 1995-2002.
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